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aneurysm

Practice targeted AMC-style multiple-choice questions on aneurysm.

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Post-embolization arteriogram showing coiled aneurysm (indicated by yellow arrows) of the posteriorcerebral artery with a residual aneurysmal sac.
Image by Promod Pillai, Aftab Karim, Anil Nanda CC BY 2.0 · Source

A 72-year-old woman with a history of well-controlled hypertension presents with sudden-onset headache and vomiting. Neurological exam reveals mild neck stiffness but is otherwise normal. A CT angiogram reveals a posterior communicating artery aneurysm, which was subsequently coiled. The image shows a post-coiling angiogram. 24 hours post-procedure, she develops worsening headache and new-onset right-sided weakness. What is the MOST appropriate next step?

A. Start aspirin and clopidogrel
B. Increase the dose of her antihypertensive medication
C. Perform lumbar puncture
D. Repeat CT angiogram
E. Administer nimodipine
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Post-embolization arteriogram showing coiled aneurysm (indicated by yellow arrows) of the posteriorcerebral artery with a residual aneurysmal sac.
Image by Promod Pillai, Aftab Karim, Anil Nanda CC BY 2.0 · Source

A 68-year-old male presents with worsening headaches and blurred vision. He underwent endovascular coiling for a posterior cerebral artery aneurysm 6 months ago. The attached image was obtained. Which of the following is the MOST appropriate next step in management?

A. Increase the dose of his antihypertensive medication
B. Initiate aspirin therapy
C. Repeat angiography
D. Order a CT scan of the head without contrast
E. Reassure the patient and schedule a follow-up appointment in 6 months
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Post-embolization arteriogram showing coiled aneurysm (indicated by yellow arrows) of the posteriorcerebral artery with a residual aneurysmal sac.
Image by Promod Pillai, Aftab Karim, Anil Nanda CC BY 2.0 · Source

A 68-year-old woman with a history of hypertension presents with a severe headache and altered mental status. Aneurysm coiling was performed. The image shows a post-operative angiogram. 6 hours later, she develops a fever of 38.5°C and worsening neurological deficits. What is the MOST likely cause?

A. Meningitis
B. Coil migration
C. Hemorrhagic conversion
D. Hydrocephalus
E. Vasospasm
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Post-embolization arteriogram showing coiled aneurysm (indicated by yellow arrows) of the posteriorcerebral artery with a residual aneurysmal sac.
Image by Promod Pillai, Aftab Karim, Anil Nanda CC BY 2.0 · Source

A 62-year-old patient presented with a subarachnoid haemorrhage secondary to a ruptured cerebral aneurysm and underwent endovascular coiling. They have recovered well and are on routine follow-up. The image shows a recent angiogram performed as part of their surveillance. Considering the findings, what is the MOST appropriate next step in this patient's management?

A. Continue routine clinical follow-up and discharge from neurosurgical care
B. Initiate long-term anticoagulant therapy
C. Schedule a follow-up CT angiogram in 2 years
D. Refer for psychiatric evaluation for anxiety
E. Plan for repeat endovascular intervention
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Post-embolization arteriogram showing coiled aneurysm (indicated by yellow arrows) of the posteriorcerebral artery with a residual aneurysmal sac.
Image by Promod Pillai, Aftab Karim, Anil Nanda CC BY 2.0 · Source

A 68-year-old woman with a history of hypertension presents with a severe headache and altered mental status. Aneurysmal coiling was performed. The image shows a post-operative angiogram. 6 hours later, she develops a fever of 38.5°C and worsening confusion. What is the MOST appropriate next step?

A. Obtain blood cultures and start broad-spectrum antibiotics
B. Increase the dose of her antihypertensive medication
C. Repeat CT angiogram of the head
D. Initiate nimodipine
E. Administer intravenous mannitol
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A 65-year-old man undergoes successful coil embolization of a ruptured anterior communicating artery aneurysm. Two days post-procedure, he develops a temperature of 38.1°C, generalized malaise, and a headache unresponsive to paracetamol. Neurological exam is unchanged from baseline. CRP is 45 mg/L (normal <5). Which of the following is the most likely cause of his current symptoms?

A. Bacterial meningitis
B. Post-embolization syndrome
C. Re-rupture of the aneurysm
D. Vasospasm
E. Deep vein thrombosis
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Post-embolization arteriogram showing coiled aneurysm (indicated by yellow arrows) of the posteriorcerebral artery with a residual aneurysmal sac.
Image by Promod Pillai, Aftab Karim, Anil Nanda CC BY 2.0 · Source

A 68-year-old woman with a history of hypertension presents with a severe headache and altered mental status. Aneurysmal coiling was performed. The image shows a post-operative angiogram. 6 hours later, the patient's GCS decreases. What is the MOST likely cause?

A. Hydrocephalus
B. Post-operative delirium
C. Re-rupture of the aneurysm
D. Vasospasm
E. Cerebral salt wasting
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Post-embolization arteriogram showing coiled aneurysm (indicated by yellow arrows) of the posteriorcerebral artery with a residual aneurysmal sac.
Image by Promod Pillai, Aftab Karim, Anil Nanda CC BY 2.0 · Source

A 68-year-old presents with worsening headaches post-aneurysm coiling. The image shows a follow-up angiogram. What is the MOST appropriate next step?

A. Conservative management with analgesia
B. Initiate nimodipine
C. Repeat coiling
D. Start warfarin
E. Prescribe aspirin
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Post-embolization arteriogram showing coiled aneurysm (indicated by yellow arrows) of the posteriorcerebral artery with a residual aneurysmal sac.
Image by Promod Pillai, Aftab Karim, Anil Nanda CC BY 2.0 · Source

A 55-year-old female presents with new onset right homonymous hemianopia 3 months post-aneurysm coiling. Review the image. What is the MOST likely cause?

A. Aneurysm regrowth
B. Arteriovenous malformation
C. Vasospasm
D. Coil migration
E. New aneurysm formation
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Post-embolization arteriogram showing coiled aneurysm (indicated by yellow arrows) of the posteriorcerebral artery with a residual aneurysmal sac.
Image by Promod Pillai, Aftab Karim, Anil Nanda CC BY 2.0 · Source

A 72-year-old male with a history of hypertension presents with a sudden onset of right-sided weakness and expressive aphasia. He underwent endovascular coiling for a PCA aneurysm 1 year ago. The attached image was obtained. What is the MOST likely cause of his current presentation?

A. Seizure activity causing postictal paralysis
B. Thromboembolic event related to aneurysm recurrence
C. Vasospasm of the posterior cerebral artery
D. New aneurysm formation in the anterior circulation
E. Hemorrhagic conversion of a previous infarct
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Post-embolization arteriogram showing coiled aneurysm (indicated by yellow arrows) of the posteriorcerebral artery with a residual aneurysmal sac.
Image by Promod Pillai, Aftab Karim, Anil Nanda CC BY 2.0 · Source

A 55-year-old patient presented with a subarachnoid haemorrhage from a ruptured cerebral aneurysm, which was successfully treated with endovascular coiling. They have made a good recovery. The image shows a routine follow-up angiogram performed 6 months post-procedure. Based on the findings demonstrated in the image, what is the MOST appropriate next step in this patient's management?

A. Continue routine clinical follow-up with no further imaging.
B. Discharge home with aspirin and statin.
C. Plan for repeat endovascular intervention.
D. Schedule surgical clipping of the aneurysm.
E. Initiate dual antiplatelet therapy indefinitely.
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Post-embolization arteriogram showing coiled aneurysm (indicated by yellow arrows) of the posteriorcerebral artery with a residual aneurysmal sac.
Image by Promod Pillai, Aftab Karim, Anil Nanda CC BY 2.0 · Source

A 68-year-old woman with a history of hypertension and hyperlipidemia presented to the emergency department with a sudden onset of left-sided hemianopia and mild right-sided weakness. Her symptoms began approximately 4 hours prior to arrival. Initial neurological examination revealed a left homonymous hemianopia, mild right hemiparesis (4/5 strength), and intact sensation. A CT angiogram was performed, identifying a cerebral aneurysm, and the patient subsequently underwent endovascular coiling. The provided image was obtained immediately following the procedure. Despite the intervention, the patient's left homonymous hemianopia persists, and her right hemiparesis has not improved. Considering the findings on the post-procedure imaging in the context of her ongoing neurological deficits, which of the following is the MOST appropriate immediate management step?

A. Administer intravenous thrombolysis given the persistent neurological deficits.
B. Perform an urgent brain MRI with diffusion-weighted imaging to assess for extent of infarction.
C. Initiate or optimise dual antiplatelet therapy to mitigate the risk of thromboembolism from the residual sac.
D. Continue current medical management and arrange for routine outpatient follow-up angiography in 3-6 months.
E. Arrange for urgent repeat endovascular coiling of the aneurysm to achieve complete occlusion.
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Post-embolization arteriogram showing coiled aneurysm (indicated by yellow arrows) of the posteriorcerebral artery with a residual aneurysmal sac.
Image by Promod Pillai, Aftab Karim, Anil Nanda CC BY 2.0 · Source

A 60-year-old female with a history of a posterior cerebral artery aneurysm presents for routine follow-up. Review the image. What is the MOST appropriate management?

A. Prescribe a course of corticosteroids
B. Increase dose of statin
C. Initiate dual antiplatelet therapy
D. Start aspirin
E. Repeat angiography in 6 months
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Post-embolization arteriogram showing coiled aneurysm (indicated by yellow arrows) of the posteriorcerebral artery with a residual aneurysmal sac.
Image by Promod Pillai, Aftab Karim, Anil Nanda CC BY 2.0 · Source

A 72-year-old male with a history of atrial fibrillation and well-controlled hypertension presents with acute onset expressive aphasia and right-sided facial droop. A CT angiogram reveals a posterior cerebral artery aneurysm, which was promptly treated with endovascular coiling. The provided image shows the post-operative angiogram. Despite the intervention, the patient's aphasia persists, and the facial droop has worsened. What is the MOST likely cause of the patient's continued and worsening symptoms?

A. Intracranial pressure elevation due to edema
B. Reperfusion injury following aneurysm coiling
C. Underlying progressive neurodegenerative disease
D. Thromboembolic complication during the coiling procedure
E. Vasospasm of the posterior cerebral artery
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Post-embolization arteriogram showing coiled aneurysm (indicated by yellow arrows) of the posteriorcerebral artery with a residual aneurysmal sac.
Image by Promod Pillai, Aftab Karim, Anil Nanda CC BY 2.0 · Source

A 55-year-old patient presents with a subarachnoid haemorrhage from a ruptured posterior cerebral artery aneurysm. Endovascular coiling is performed without immediate complications. The image shows the post-procedure angiogram obtained before leaving the angiography suite. Based on this finding, what is the MOST appropriate next step in management?

A. Discharge with outpatient follow-up.
B. Proceed to surgical clipping.
C. Schedule repeat digital subtraction angiography in 12 months.
D. Plan for further endovascular intervention.
E. Initiate dual antiplatelet therapy immediately.
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Post-embolization arteriogram showing coiled aneurysm (indicated by yellow arrows) of the posteriorcerebral artery with a residual aneurysmal sac.
Image by Promod Pillai, Aftab Karim, Anil Nanda CC BY 2.0 · Source

A 68-year-old woman with a history of hypertension presents with a severe headache and altered mental status. Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage is confirmed. The aneurysm was coiled. The image shows a post-operative angiogram. 6 hours later, the patient's GCS decreases. What is the MOST likely cause?

A. Rebleeding
B. Hyponatremia
C. Meningitis
D. Hydrocephalus
E. Vasospasm
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Post-embolization arteriogram showing coiled aneurysm (indicated by yellow arrows) of the posteriorcerebral artery with a residual aneurysmal sac.
Image by Promod Pillai, Aftab Karim, Anil Nanda CC BY 2.0 · Source

A 72-year-old woman with a history of well-controlled hypertension and type 2 diabetes presents to the emergency department with sudden onset of visual disturbance and mild weakness. She describes the visual issue as a loss of vision in the left half of her visual field, which began approximately 3 hours ago. She also notes some difficulty moving her right arm and leg, which started around the same time. On examination, her vital signs are stable: BP 135/85 mmHg, HR 78 bpm, RR 16/min, Temp 36.8°C, SpO2 98% on room air. Neurological examination confirms a left homonymous hemianopia and mild right hemiparesis (MRC grade 4/5) affecting both upper and lower limbs. Sensation is intact. Reflexes are symmetrical, and plantar responses are flexor. A non-contrast CT head was unremarkable for acute haemorrhage or established infarction. Subsequent CT angiography identified a cerebral aneurysm in a location consistent with her symptoms, and she was taken for endovascular coiling. The procedure was completed approximately 6 hours after symptom onset. The image provided is a digital subtraction angiogram obtained immediately following the coiling procedure. Despite the intervention, her left homonymous hemianopia and right hemiparesis persist without significant improvement. Considering the findings demonstrated in the post-procedure imaging in the context of her ongoing neurological deficits, which of the following is the MOST appropriate immediate management step?

A. Perform a repeat cerebral angiogram or high-resolution cross-sectional imaging to assess the residual sac and flow dynamics.
B. Assume the persistent symptoms are unrelated to the treated lesion and investigate for alternative causes such as carotid artery stenosis.
C. Administer intravenous alteplase given the persistent symptoms and recent onset.
D. Initiate aggressive inpatient stroke rehabilitation therapy immediately.
E. Discharge the patient home with urgent outpatient follow-up with neurology.
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